TWI Digital Library

A process model for friction stir welding (FSW) of Al-Zn-Mg alloys, used to predict HAZ microstructure and hardness, is presented. Numerical solutions (using a finite difference approach) are developed for heat generation and heat flow. Microstructu…

Friction stir welding is widely applied in several industries such as manufacturing rolling stock, automotive parts and ship building. Especially, EV will be expected to popularize in these two or three decades in view of reducing CO2. The parts of …

Friction stir welding (FSW) experiments were undertaken on sheet specimens (thickness 4 mm) of AISI 304 stainless steel (17.5-19.5%Cr, 8-10.5%Ni) using different uncoated and coated tungsten and WC-based tools, and tool wear and failure mechanisms w…

A friction stir spot welding process variant was evaluated, which was intended to remove the hole left in the weld when the probe is removed, and consequently improve weld properties. In the two-step procedure, first a backing plate was used that ha…

Ultrasonic immersion or laser ultrasonics combined with the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) and a pulsed eddy current technique were evaluated as NDE methods for the detection of defects specific to friction stir welding (FSW). Measurem…

A cathodic hydrogen charging method was employed to investigate hydrogen embrittlement in the parent metal and stir zones of friction stir welded SK4 high carbon steel (0.95%C, 0.42%Mn, 0.15%Cr) sheet specimens (thickness 2 mm). Welding was conducte…

In relation to the implementation of friction stir welding (FSW) for stringer-skin type lap joint fabrication in aeronautical applications, an investigation is presented into the overlap welding of an extruded profile AA 7050-T7651 aluminium alloy s…

Friction stir welding (FSW) was employed to fabricate hybrid joints between wrought AA 5454 aluminium alloys and AZ 91 die cast magnesium alloys, and the weldability, microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion and fracture behaviour of the wel…

With regard to the need to control process temperature in friction stir welding to enhance process stability and weldment mechanical properties, a feedforward feedback control system was designed based on two nonlinear single input single output (SI…

Friction stir welding (FSW) experiments were undertaken on 4142 low alloy and S7 tool steels as well as dissimilar steel combinations and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joints were investigated. FSW was conducted using an…

With regard to the development of 9%Ni steels for cryogenic applications, an investigation was undertaken into the metallurgical weldability of ASTM A553 Type I steel (0.08%C, 0.73%Mn, 9.4%Ni) joined by double-sided two-run friction stir welding (FS…

The influence of pin length and insulating anvil material on friction stir spot welding (FSSW) of thin (0.9 mm) 6111-T4 aluminium (Al, 0.73%Si, 0.65%Mg, 0.96%Cu, 0.3%Mn, 0.2%Fe) was investigated. Welds were made varying the length of the tool pin (1…

A slide style presentation giving a market review of FSW, challenges for FSW users and process enhancements. The development of equipment and methods for floating bobbin tool FSW and stationary shoulder friction stir welding is outlined. Lifetimes o…

Conventional friction stir welding (FSW), hybrid FSW and thermal stir welding were evaluated and compared for the joining of a nickel-based superalloy Haynes 230. Welds were made in Haynes 230 NiCrW alloy (20-24%Cr, 13-15%W, 6.4 mm thickness), an in…

The friction stir spot welding (FSSW) technique was employed to weld low carbon steel, Invar and iron meteorite materials and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joints were compared. FSSW experiments were performed on low car…

To investigate the potential of mechanical tensioning (MT) to reduce residual stresses in friction stir welding (FSW), thereby eliminating buckling, FSW was performed on 2024-T351 aluminium alloy (thickness 3.2 mm) with different tensile stress leve…

With regard to the problem of parameter development for friction stir welding (FSW) of workpieces with 3D joints, a self-tuning algorithm is presented based on the tool-workpiece thermocouple (TWT) method for temperature measurement to facilitate th…

Similar and dissimilar friction stir welds (FSW) were performed between 2014-T6 and 6061-T6 aluminium alloy sheet (4.70 mm thickness). Weld speed of 450 and 90 mm per minute were used to produce welds described as cold and hot welds respectively. Ad…

Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) experiments were undertaken to fabricate dissimilar metal joints between aluminium and light metals such as magnesium and titanium, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weldments were investigated…

Tapered probe and parallel probe tools were employed in friction stir welding of thick section AA 6082-T6 aluminium alloy specimens (thickness 38 mm) and the effect of tool geometry on weldment microstructure and crystallographic texture was investi…