TWI

Friction stir welding (FSW) experiments were conducted on a variety of materials and grain structure development, material flow characteristics and crystallographic texture formation were examined by high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction.…

A friction stir welding (FSW) procedure, incorporating the use of different tool pins in combination with concave or scroll type shoulders, was employed to join various aluminium alloys; material flow was investigated with the aid of computer micro-…

The repair of friction stir weld defects in aluminium alloy 6061-T6 3 mm thickness sheet (Al, 0.683%Mg, 0.564%Si) by friction stir welding was investigated using artificial defects. The defects were created using an unsuitable pin profile, whilst re…

A computational fluid dynamics package, FLUENT, was used to model the viscous material flow during friction stir welding using two- and three-dimensional tool shapes. Two approaches were used to describe the viscosity. The first approach interpolate…

Friction stir welding experiments were undertaken on carbon manganese steel plates (thickness 6 mm) in order to map the internal temperature distribution, assess the effects of minimal plate preparation and investigate the microstructures and mechan…

The hybrid friction stir channelling (HFSC) technique was employed to produce, in one action, a channel and a joint between dissimilar thickness overlapping Al plates and dissimilar Al-Cu plates, and the microstructural and geometrical features of t…

Based on the detailed analysis of the microstructure on top surface of friction stir welded (FSW) joint of 2024 aluminum alloy by optical microscope, XRD and transmission electron microscope. SEM was employed to obtain the in-situ corrosion developm…

An investigation was undertaken to evaluate the separation forces exerted by the tool on the fixture compared to the weld process loads generated during butt welding of self reacting bobbin friction stir welds. Two tempers of an aluminium alloy were…

The material point method based on NairnMPM software was employed to formulate a 2D model of elastoplastic material flow around a friction stir welding (FSW) tool probe and to examine 2D elastoplastic deformation and the frictional interaction at th…

A thermal numerical 3D model to predict temperature and machine torque values for bobbin tool friction stir welding (FSW) is presented. The model includes a 3D representation of the work piece, clamping and bobbin tool. The heat transported by the t…

Single run friction stir welding (FSW) experiments were undertaken on plate specimens (thickness 6 mm) of 7A60-T6 aluminium alloys (Al, 8.89%Zn, 2.74%Mg, 2.26%Cu) and the relationship between process parameters, microstructure and mechanical propert…

Butt joints between dissimilar aluminium alloys were fabricated by friction stir spot welding (FSSW) in order to investigate the influence of process conditions on material flow phenomena and intermixing patterns. The dissimilar joint combinations s…

The evolution of microstructure and mechanisms occurring at the (sub)micron scale during friction stir spot welding of transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steel were investigated. Welds were made in TRIP690 steel (0.24%C, 1.6%Al, 2%Mn, 0.3%Si, …

Three recently published finite element studies, modelling friction stir welding (FSW) of different aluminium alloys, were reproduced using ABAQUS software and the results were comparatively assessed. The models considered were as follows: heat tran…

The tensile and bend properties of friction stir welded butt joints in aluminium alloys 2024-T3, 6013-T6 and 7475-T76 were determined, including welds in 2024 and 7475 subjected to PWHT. The ultimate tensile strength, proof stress at 0.2% strain, an…

The material flow and microstructural evolution during friction stir processing of A356 cast alloy (Al, 7%Si, 0.3%Mg, 6.4 mm thickness) using tools of H13 tool steel were investigated. The deformation and microstructure in the stir zone were studied…

The material flow in dissimilar material friction stir welding (FSW) between AA 6063 alloy (Al, 0.5%Mg, 0.43%Si) and S45C carbon steel (0.43%C, 0.25%Si, 0.77%Mn) was investigated by determining the 3D forces acting on the welded joint and the intern…

The viscosity of aluminium alloy 6061-T6 was determined to obtain data necessary for the modelling of friction stir welding. A friction stir welding tool with a 5 mm diameter pin was plunged into an alloy disc (tool speeds 900-1500 rev/min, plunge d…

Friction stir welds were made in Al-Li 2195 aluminium alloy plate, 2195 plate was welded to 2219 aluminium alloy forgings, and the welds were characterised by studies of mechanical properties, microstructure and NDE. Welds were made in plate of 8.1 …

Dissimilar lap joints between AA 6061-T6 (Al, 1.01%Mg, 0.59%Si) and A356 (Al, 7.02%Si) aluminium alloys were fabricated by friction stir welding (FSW) and the influence of process conditions on joint microstructure evolution and mechanical propertie…