TWI Digital Library

A numerical model of the friction stir welding (FSW) process was developed by employing finite element analysis of a non-Newtonian fluid to evaluate plastic deformation and heat generation of the weld material, and was applied to the design of tool …

Butt joints were fabricated in a Ruuki Optim 700 MC Plus microalloyed low carbon high strength complex phase steel (0.06%C, 1.79%Mn, 0.01%V, 0.08%Nb, 0.11%Ti) using one-sided and two-sided friction stir welding in order to investigate the difference…

Friction stir processing (FSP) was employed to fabricate oxide dispersion strengthened copper composites and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the materials were investigated in order to clarify the effect of process parameters on mate…

Friction stir processing (FSP) was employed to repair casting defects such as shrinkage cavities and porosity in nickel aluminium bronze, and the corrosion behaviour of the processed material was examined through short-term and long-term testing and…

A numerical simulation is presented for the development and integration of a pin tool for friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminium alloys. The Triflute tool design was optimised. The macro- and microstructure of lap joints in A6N01 alloys were studi…

The microstructural evolution during FSW of beta-annealed plates of Ti-5111 (Ti, 5%Al, 1%Sn, 1%Zr, 1%V, 8%Mo) was investigated above and below the beta transus temperature. Variable penetration tools of a refractory-based material with different dim…

Butt joints were fabricated in AA 6061-T6511 aluminium alloys by friction stir welding (FSW) and the influence of the welding equipment rigidity on their microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. The experimental set-up incorporated…

Friction stir welding (FSW) experiments were undertaken on Cr-containing carbon steels (0.22%C, 0.5%Mn, 0-4%Cr) and the influence of Cr content on joint microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. FSW was conducted at a tool rotationa…

The tensile and fatigue strength of friction stir welds were determined for aluminium alloy 6082 in various temper conditions. Plate of 5.8 mm thickness, in both T6 and T4 conditions, was welded using a tool speed of 1000 rev/min and a welding speed…

The effects of friction stir welding process parameters (tool rotation speed and travel speed) on defects and mechanical properties in welds in aluminium alloys were investigated. Microstructural, macrostructural and mechanical properties of the wel…

In order to develop a method for microjoining by friction stir welding (FSW), micro-FSW trials were conducted on Mg alloy AZ31 (2.97%Al, 0.83%Zn) thin sheets (0.4 mm thickness), and the welding performance was assessed. The micro-FSW system incorpor…

Local stress-strain curves were determined from an array of spherical indents on the cross-section of the joint of a friction stir welded (FSW) high strength aluminium alloy AA 2198 sheet, in order to characterise the mechanical properties of differ…

A review is presented of process development work undertaken with regard to a machine concept assessment and the realisation of a fully 3D-capable 5-axis parallel kinematic friction stir welding machine, a so-called pentapod, suitable for large and …

A three-dimensional thermomechanical model of the friction stir welding of aluminium alloy was developed, based on the finite element method, to predict temperature and stress distributions in the workpiece, residual stresses, and the stresses exper…

Artificial Intelligence algorithms based on machine learning approaches have recently found application in joining and welding, e.g., for the optimization of process parameters or the prediction of resulting mechanical properties. The importance of …

Friction stir spot welding experiments were conducted on dissimilar metal joints between AA5052 aluminium alloy and three kinds of zinc coated steel, and weldability analysis, microstructure observations and mechanical tests were undertaken. The coa…

The feasibility of friction stir welding TIMETAL 21S beta titanium in the annealed condition was investigated. The composition of the alloy is Ti, 14-16%Mo, 2.4-3.2%Nb, 2.5-3.5%Al, 0.15-0.25%Si, max.0.4%Fe, 0.11-0.17%O, max.0.05%C, max.0.05%N, max.0…

Microstructural examination and a root bend test were used to examine the results of friction stir welding in dissimilar welds of aluminium alloys A-5083 (Al, 4.5%Mg) and A-6N01 (Al, 0.6%Mg, 0.65%Si) of thickness 4 mm. Optimum welding parameters (to…

Butt welding experiments were undertaken to investigate the feasibility of joining a metal matrix composite (MMC), comprising an Al-10%Si matrix and 20 vol.% SiC particles, to an AA-6063-T5 alloy by friction stir welding (FSW). Optimum process param…

An algorithm and procedure for controlling process zone temperature during friction stir processing are presented. The approach is based on the correlation between weld zone temperature with spindle power. A simplified thermal balance model of the w…