TWI Digital Library

Samples of AA 2219 aluminium alloy (Al, 5.8-6.8%Cu, 0.2-0.4%Mn) produced by electron beam freeform fabrication (EBF3), a wire fed process for additive manufacturing, were joined by friction stir welding (FSW) and the microstructure and mechanical pr…

An investigation incorporating experimental measurements and thermomechanical simulations was undertaken to examine the effects of underwater friction stir welding (FSW) on an AISI 321 stainless steel sheet (thickness 3 mm) and to analyse the mechan…

A numerical model of the friction stir welding (FSW) process was developed by employing finite element analysis of a non-Newtonian fluid to evaluate plastic deformation and heat generation of the weld material, and was applied to the design of tool …

Using a pin tool made from relatively low cost metallic materials, including heat resistant alloys (e.g. Ni-Cr) with or without surface treatment, suitable conditions were investigated for friction stir welding (FSW) of commercially pure (CP) titani…

Friction stir welding (FSW) experiments were performed on aluminium single crystals; the evolution of the grain structure and crystallographic texture from the parent material to the highly deformed region adjacent to the tool was studied, and the i…

Experimental investigations were undertaken to determine the way in which process parameters in friction stir welding (FSW) affect the distribution and quantity of embedded oxide particles in the weld zone and to elucidate the influence of such part…

With regard to heavy vehicle component applications, friction stir welding (FSW) and refill friction stir spot welding were employed to fabricate 5083 aluminium multisheet packs for superplastic forming (SPF) into 3D structural or integrally stiffen…

The influence of welding tool design on the microstructure of the interface and friction stir spot welded joint between aluminium alloy and low carbon steel was investigated. Two types of welding tool were evaluated: a tool comprising a probe and sh…

A friction stir channelling process to promote a distinct material flow was developed, in which a controlled amount of viscoplasticised material from the metal workpiece flows out from the processed zone producing an internal channel without any gap…

Similar and dissimilar T-joints were made by friction stir welding (FSW) of 3 mm thickness 2024-T3 cover sheet combined with 2.5 mm thick stiffeners consisting of either 2024-T3 or 2098-T8 (stringer) material. During welding the pin penetrated the s…

An arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) formulation was developed to simulate the plunge, dwell and welding stages of the friction stir welding process using "FORGE3" finite element software, and the friction coefficients from a viscoplastic law were…

Microstructure observations and bending tests were employed to investigate the basal plane texture and room temperature formability of AZ31 magnesium alloy rolled and extruded sheets (thickness 3 mm) treated by friction stir processing (FSP). Overla…

Butt joints between dissimilar aluminium alloys were fabricated by friction stir spot welding (FSSW) in order to investigate the influence of process conditions on material flow phenomena and intermixing patterns. The dissimilar joint combinations s…

An experimental study of friction stir welding (FSW) to join 2017A-T6 with 7075-T6 and 6013 aluminium alloys, by applying different welding parameters and conditions, was performed with the aim of analysing the microstructures and properties of the …

The evolution of microstructure and mechanisms occurring at the (sub)micron scale during friction stir spot welding of transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steel were investigated. Welds were made in TRIP690 steel (0.24%C, 1.6%Al, 2%Mn, 0.3%Si, …

A short review is presented of the development of a friction stir welding process for steel and other hard metals using W-Re tool materials to produce repeatable, thick-section welds with minimal tool deformation. Issues discussed include: W, 25%Re …

The stationary shoulder friction stir welding (SSFSW) process was employed to fabricate defect-free joints in a variety of aluminium alloys and experiments were undertaken to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints. Th…

Friction stir welding (FSW) trials were carried out for thin HSLA-65 steel plate (6 mm thickness) to evaluate the potential benefits of using induction preheat. Other studies including tool design and multi-run welding are also evaluated as methods …

Dissimilar butt joints between A516 steel (0.15%C, 0.95%Mn, 0.03%Cr, 0.01%Ni, 0.29%Al) and Inconel 625 (Ni, 22.6%Cr, 9.4%Mo, 3.5%Nb) were fabricated by friction stir welding and recrystallisation and texture properties were investigated. Welding was…

An extensive study of friction stir welding (FSW) of HSLA-65 steel plate (thickness 6 mm) was undertaken, incorporating defect-free friction stir butt welding at a travel speed of 3.4 mm/s, the achievement of low/no distortion FSW by employing appro…