TWI Digital Library

Friction stir welding was conducted on Al alloy 6005A-T6 plates of 6 mm thickness. The power input was determined from torque measurements. The effects of advancing speed and rotation speed on total power input were examined. Thermal cycles were mea…

An experimental study was carried out to evaluate the acoustic emission (AE) method as a means of monitoring the welding state and identifying weld defects during the friction stir welding (FSW) process. FSW was carried out on 6061 aluminium alloy p…

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the properties of FSW joints in AA-6056 aluminium alloy, looking at the effects of surface preparation, tool geometry and welding speed and the correlation between these factors. FSW was carried o…

An environmental comparison of friction stir welding (FSW) and MIG welding is presented in aluminium railway rolling stock for the following aspects: material consumption, energy consumption, work environment, emissions and waste, and need of transp…

The principles of friction stir welding (FSW) are outlined. The research and development of FSW technology in Japan is reviewed. Japan has concentrated on the 6xxx series of aluminium alloys. Research relating to thermal cycles of FSW and heat input…

The tensile and fatigue strength of friction stir welds were determined for aluminium alloy 6082 in various temper conditions. Plate of 5.8 mm thickness, in both T6 and T4 conditions, was welded using a tool speed of 1000 rev/min and a welding speed…

The viscosity of aluminium alloy 6061-T6 was determined to obtain data necessary for the modelling of friction stir welding. A friction stir welding tool with a 5 mm diameter pin was plunged into an alloy disc (tool speeds 900-1500 rev/min, plunge d…

The microstructure and postweld heat treatment of friction stir welds in age hardening aluminium alloys were investigated. Aluminium alloy plate (2014-T6 and 7075-T6 and -T651) of thickness 6.35 mm (0.25 in) was friction stir welded and the joints s…

The effects of friction stir welding process parameters (tool rotation speed and travel speed) on defects and mechanical properties in welds in aluminium alloys were investigated. Microstructural, macrostructural and mechanical properties of the wel…

Friction stir welds were made in Al-Li 2195 aluminium alloy plate, 2195 plate was welded to 2219 aluminium alloy forgings, and the welds were characterised by studies of mechanical properties, microstructure and NDE. Welds were made in plate of 8.1 …

A hybrid friction stir welding (FSW) technique, comprising FSW and a YAG laser (power 2 kW) for preheating ahead of the tool, was developed to decrease tool load and defects. An SS 400 ferrite-pearlite carbon steel (0.16%C, 0.01%Si, 0.49%Mn) was wel…

Friction stir welding (FSW) experiments were conducted on X52 and X60 pipeline steel specimens (outer diameter 324 mm, wall thickness 6.35 mm) and weldment integrity was evaluated by metallography, NDE and mechanical properties characterisation. Wel…

The principles are presented of stationary shoulder friction stir welding (FSW) with examples of the weld microstructures that can be achieved. Trials were conducted on 6.35 mm plate of Ti-6%Al-4%V titanium alloy, with spindle speed of 400 rpm and t…

A friction stir spot welding process was employed to fabricate dissimilar joints between 6016 aluminium alloy (Al, 1-1.5%Si, 0.25-0.6%Mg) and galvanised HSLA 280 phosphorus-hardened cold rolled steel (0.08%C, 1.3%Mn, 0.1%Ti, 0.08%Al, 0.09%P), and th…

A series of friction stir welding (FSW) experiments using threaded tool pins and AA5083 (Al, 4.5%Mg, 0.6%Mn) or A356 (Al, 7%Si, 0.3%Mg) workpiece alloys was undertaken in order to understand material flow mode within thread spaces and its influence …

With regard to the development of friction stir welding (FSW) processes for joining large thin walled 3D structures in aircraft fuselage applications, an investigation is presented into the "LuFo IV" machine concept, incorporating clamping, position…

Friction stir welding trials were undertaken on AA 7075-T7351 aluminium alloy plates (thickness 9.525 mm) to investigate the influence of backing plate characteristics on heat input and cooling rate. Experiments were performed on an MTI RM2 friction…

Two friction stir welding (FSW) procedures, a sacrificial anvil method and a hybrid FSW/arc welding technique, were developed to assure consistent full penetration welds during the construction of offshore and onshore pipelines, respectively. The of…

Friction stir welds were made in 4 mm thick sheets of aluminium alloys 2024-T3 and 6013-T6. The stress intensity factor due to residual stresses was determined using the cut compliance method. The residual stress distribution was calculated using th…

Microstructural examination and a root bend test were used to examine the results of friction stir welding in dissimilar welds of aluminium alloys A-5083 (Al, 4.5%Mg) and A-6N01 (Al, 0.6%Mg, 0.65%Si) of thickness 4 mm. Optimum welding parameters (to…