TWI Digital Library

An environmental comparison of friction stir welding (FSW) and MIG welding is presented in aluminium railway rolling stock for the following aspects: material consumption, energy consumption, work environment, emissions and waste, and need of transp…

The principles of friction stir welding (FSW) are outlined. The research and development of FSW technology in Japan is reviewed. Japan has concentrated on the 6xxx series of aluminium alloys. Research relating to thermal cycles of FSW and heat input…

The tensile and fatigue strength of friction stir welds were determined for aluminium alloy 6082 in various temper conditions. Plate of 5.8 mm thickness, in both T6 and T4 conditions, was welded using a tool speed of 1000 rev/min and a welding speed…

The viscosity of aluminium alloy 6061-T6 was determined to obtain data necessary for the modelling of friction stir welding. A friction stir welding tool with a 5 mm diameter pin was plunged into an alloy disc (tool speeds 900-1500 rev/min, plunge d…

The microstructure and postweld heat treatment of friction stir welds in age hardening aluminium alloys were investigated. Aluminium alloy plate (2014-T6 and 7075-T6 and -T651) of thickness 6.35 mm (0.25 in) was friction stir welded and the joints s…

The effects of friction stir welding process parameters (tool rotation speed and travel speed) on defects and mechanical properties in welds in aluminium alloys were investigated. Microstructural, macrostructural and mechanical properties of the wel…

Friction stir welds were made in Al-Li 2195 aluminium alloy plate, 2195 plate was welded to 2219 aluminium alloy forgings, and the welds were characterised by studies of mechanical properties, microstructure and NDE. Welds were made in plate of 8.1 …

A tool made from a Co-based alloy strengthened by precipitation of an intermetallic Co3(Al,W) gamma phase with an L12 structure was developed for friction stir welding of high-softening-temperature materials, such as a 0.45%C steel, and the tool wea…

Annealed AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel (0.46%C, 0.3%Mn, 13.8%Cr) sheets (thickness 3 mm) were subjected to dry or wet friction stir processing (FSP) and the correlation between microstructure, hardness and process parameters was investigated.…

A detailed experimental and theoretical investigation was made of the use of friction stir welding (FSP) to modify the microstructure of magnesium AM50 die castings. Rectangular die cast plates of 3 mm thickness of AM50 (Mg, 4.9%Al, 0.39%Mn) were su…

The velocity field in the shear layer surrounding the tool/matrix interface in friction stir welding (FSW) was used to characterise material flow and was investigated by x-ray/computational tomography (CT) marker material experiments as well as anal…

Friction stir welding (FSW) was conducted on high-strength pipe steel plates (thickness 12.7 mm) using commercially pure tungsten, tungsten-rhenium (W, 25%Re) and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride pin tools; mechanical properties of the welded joi…

An investigation is presented into the fabrication of welded joints in high strength aluminium alloys by friction stir welding (FSW) and into the application of the technology for manufacturing lightweight aircraft structures. The materials consider…

An investigation was undertaken to identify the main factors influencing abnormal grain growth behaviour during post weld solution heat treatment of 2219-O aluminium alloy (Al, 5.8-6.8%Cu) friction stir welded (FSW) joints. Sheet specimens (thicknes…

The use of semi-friction stir processing to improve the facing surface layer of flange joints in casings of high-voltage switchgears, filled with electro-insulating SF6 gas, was examined. The influence of tool shape and size, and welding parameters …

Experimental measurements and finite element modelling were undertaken to investigate the deposition of AA1050 commercially pure aluminium layers on AA 2024-T351 aluminium alloy substrates by friction surface cladding (FSC). Experiments were perform…

With regard to the development of the MELD process (formerly, additive friction stir deposition) involving the deposition of feedstock material on a substrate via a hollow rotating tool, a mesh-free coupled thermomechanical approach called smoothed …

A method for incorporating local material property gradients across the weld zone in finite element simulations of friction stir welded 2139-T8 aluminium alloys was developed to predict the time evolution of strain. Local material flow stress was de…

An experimental investigation was conducted of the microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded (FSW) aluminium alloy butt joints, with detailed analysis on the influence of the FSW process on the microhardness profile and change…

Friction stir welding experiments were conducted on plate specimens (thickness 6 mm) of AA 2219 aluminium alloys (Al, 6.48%Cu, 0.32%Mn) and the crystallographic texture and deformation behaviour of the weld zones (HAZ, thermomechanically affected zo…