TWI Digital Library

The friction stir spot welding of automotive aluminium alloy and Zn-coated steel was investigated. Welds were made in 6000 series AlMgSi alloys (1.2 mm thickness) and galvanised steel (1.1 mm thickness) using a multi-step friction stir spot process.…

AA 2219 aluminium alloy sheets (thickness 2.5 mm) were joined by friction stir welding (FSW) and an investigation was undertaken into the relationship between joint mechanical properties, the torque generated by the spindle motor and process variabl…

Friction stir welding (FSW) was applied to the magnesium alloy AZ91 (Mg, 8.21%Al, 0.64%Zn), optimum welding parameters were derived, structural and mechanical properties of the weld zone were determined, and the influence of microstructure on weld p…

A friction stir welding (FSW) procedure, incorporating the use of different tool pins in combination with concave or scroll type shoulders, was employed to join various aluminium alloys; material flow was investigated with the aid of computer micro-…

Dissimilar lap joints were fabricated between 6022 aluminium alloy and SPCC low carbon steel using friction stir welding (FSW) and the effect of probe tip position on microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. FSW was performed at a …

Variations in microstructure in friction stir welds in AA 7449 (Al, 2.2%Mg, 8.2%Zn, 1.7%Cu, 0.12%Si, 0.15%Fe, 0.2%Mn, 0.05%Cr, 0.25 T plus Zr) in the initially overaged (T7) condition were studied. Isothermal heat treatments were conducted at 350 an…

A refill friction stir spot welding technique was employed to fabricate joints in AA 2014 aluminium alloy (Al, 3.51%Cu, 0.7%Mn) sheets (thickness 2 mm) and the effect of tool rotational speed on microstructure and mechanical properties was investiga…

An investigation is presented into a methodology for simulating the entire friction stir welding (FSW) process using a hybrid mesh free method on a graphics processing unit (GPU) and its implementation for different FSW applications such as butt joi…

Numerical simulations and experimental tests were undertaken to visualise material flow and to study the effect of the flow field on the mixing mechanism and particle break-up in friction stir welding of metal matrix composites. A 3D thermo-fluid mo…

An experimental investigation was undertaken to examine how tool pin induced material flow and intermetallic growth conditions affect the formation of discontinuity during friction stir lap welding of dissimilar Al-Cu joints. The materials comprised…

Friction stir welding experiments were undertaken on 2195-T8 (Al, 3.99%Cu, 1.09%Li) alloy sheets (thickness 5 mm) and the weldability, microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated butt joints were investigated. Welding was performed us…

A friction stir welding tool with a variable length probe (suitable for variable thickness joints, repairs and circumferential welding) was developed and evaluated for the welding of aluminium alloy 2195. Tapered sheet, of both increasing and decrea…

Friction stir welding (FSW) experiments were undertaken on 4142 low alloy and S7 tool steels as well as dissimilar steel combinations and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joints were investigated. FSW was conducted using an…

The microstructure of a friction stir weld (of unknown welding parameters) in titanium alloy (Ti, 6%Al, 4%V) is described. The microstructure was studied using optical microscopy, SEM and TEM. The features of the parent material, HAZ and the thermom…

The microstructure and age hardening of friction stir welds in aluminium alloy plate 2014A-T651 (Al, 4.42%Cu, 0.79%Si, 0.62%Mg) and 7075-T651 (Al, 5.99%Zn, 2.72%Mg, 1.46%Cu) were investigated. Single sided butt welds were produced, temperatures bein…

In relation to the occurrence of abnormal grain growth in aluminium alloy spun formed dome development using friction stir welded (FSW) blanks, an investigation is presented into tensile tests performed on two AA 2195 (Al, 4%Cu, 1%Li) FSW parameter …

The mechanical properties and microstructures of dissimilar butt welds made between aluminium die casting alloy ADC1 (Al, 11.9%Si, 0.37%Fe, 0.44%Mg) and the extruded alloy A-6061-T6 (Al, 0.84%Mg, 0.67%Si) were studied. The materials were 4 mm thick …

The repair of friction stir weld defects in aluminium alloy 6061-T6 3 mm thickness sheet (Al, 0.683%Mg, 0.564%Si) by friction stir welding was investigated using artificial defects. The defects were created using an unsuitable pin profile, whilst re…

The microstructure and corrosion properties of welded joints in Inconel 22 (Alloy 22 or NO6022) made by friction stir welding (FSW) were investigated. Bead-on-plate welds were produced in Alloy 22 (59.6%Ni, 13.43%Mo, 0.22%Cr, 3.29%W, 3.17%Fe, 0.84%C…

SiC particles, multi-walled carbon nanotubes and C60 fullerene were dispersed in an AZ31 alloy matrix by friction stir processing (FSP) and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the surface composites were investigated. The FSP conditions …