TWI

An investigation is presented into the effects of process parameters on weld quality and defect generation (hooking defects, kissing bonds and top plate thinning) in 7075-T6 aircraft stringers (thickness 1.5 mm) lap-joined on 2024-T3 skins (thicknes…

Thick sheets (thickness 5.4 mm) of a ferritic stainless steel (18.33%Cr, 1.81%Mo, 0.2%Nb) were joined by friction stir welding with optimised process parameters (rotational speed 200 rpm, welding speed 100-160 mm/min) and the microstructure and mech…

The fine scale precipitation in the nugget zone and in the HAZ of a weld in aluminium alloy AA-6082 (Al, 0.7%Mg, 0.5%Mn, 0.9%Si) of thickness 5-10 mm made by friction stir welding (FSW) was examined using transmission electron microscopy. The dissol…

Butt joints between dissimilar aluminium alloys were fabricated by friction stir spot welding (FSSW) in order to investigate the influence of process conditions on material flow phenomena and intermixing patterns. The dissimilar joint combinations s…

The evolution of microstructure and mechanisms occurring at the (sub)micron scale during friction stir spot welding of transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steel were investigated. Welds were made in TRIP690 steel (0.24%C, 1.6%Al, 2%Mn, 0.3%Si, …

Friction stir welding experiments between AA 6063 aluminium alloy and S45C carbon steel (thickness 6 mm) were performed, and the effects of heat input on the butt joint macrostructure (cavities formed at weld interface), hardness and plastic flow of…

Neural-fuzzy modelling techniques were employed to develop a transparent model-based approach that creates linguistic indices directly from spectral-temporal FSW (friction stir welding) data in order to analyse the relationship between process param…

The microstructural evolution during FSW of beta-annealed plates of Ti-5111 (Ti, 5%Al, 1%Sn, 1%Zr, 1%V, 8%Mo) was investigated above and below the beta transus temperature. Variable penetration tools of a refractory-based material with different dim…

Low temperature friction stir welding (FSW) was employed to join three types of carbon steels and the effects of carbon content, process conditions and phase transformations on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joints were i…

A phenomenologically based semiphysical modelling approach was employed to develop a process window for friction stir welding (FSW) of AA 2024-T3 aluminium alloy, incorporating simulation of the filling level of the welded joint as a means to determ…

The production of aluminium alloy forged suspension parts for light-weight vehicles using circumferential friction stir welding (FSW) is considered. The suspension arm is composed of three extruded shapes (bush bracket, yoke and pipe) joined by FSW.…

The microstructure and mechanical properties of double-sided welds made by friction stir welding (FSW) in aluminium alloy AA-5083 were investigated as part of research into the use of the alloy in vessels for storing liquid hydrogen at cryogenic tem…

Friction stir welding (FSW) experiments were undertaken on 4142 low alloy and S7 tool steels as well as dissimilar steel combinations and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joints were investigated. FSW was conducted using an…

Friction stir welding (FSW) experiments were performed on 6005A-T6 (Al, 0.49%Mg, 0.61%Si) alloy plates (thickness 6 mm) using a fully instrumented CNC milling machine, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joints were invest…

Based on a friction model incorporating the dynamic coupling between friction and material flow in heat transfer and fluid flow models, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology was employed to study material flow during friction stir welding…

In relation to the occurrence of abnormal grain growth in aluminium alloy spun formed dome development using friction stir welded (FSW) blanks, an investigation is presented into tensile tests performed on two AA 2195 (Al, 4%Cu, 1%Li) FSW parameter …

AA 2219 aluminium alloy sheets (thickness 2.5 mm) were joined by friction stir welding (FSW) and an investigation was undertaken into the relationship between joint mechanical properties, the torque generated by the spindle motor and process variabl…

The weldability of zirconium-titanium alloy joints fabricated by means of friction stir welding (FSW) was investigated. Sheets (thickness 3 mm) of Zr-Ti alloy (Zr, 41%Ti, 4%Al, 3%V) underwent FSW with a tungsten-rhenium alloy (W, 25%Re) tool with an…

Local stress-strain curves were determined from an array of spherical indents on the cross-section of the joint of a friction stir welded (FSW) high strength aluminium alloy AA 2198 sheet, in order to characterise the mechanical properties of differ…

Friction stir butt welding experiments were conducted on S45C medium carbon steel sheets (thickness 1.5 mm) under various conditions and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joints were investigated. Single run butt welding was…