TWI Digital Library

Optical microscopy, SEM and electron backscattering diffraction techniques were employed to investigate the microstructural evolution and solid-state phase transformations during friction stir spot welding (FSSW: also known as friction spot joining)…

Liquid hydrogen (LH2) produced from renewable energy sources is now recognised as the most promising source of energy to achieve zero carbon emission travel. Thin walled aluminium vessels, lining carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP), could offer a…

With regard to the problem of parameter development for friction stir welding (FSW) of workpieces with 3D joints, a self-tuning algorithm is presented based on the tool-workpiece thermocouple (TWT) method for temperature measurement to facilitate th…

Rotary friction welding was employed to fabricate joints between an ASTM A36 steel pipe (0.11%C, 0.2%Si, 0.92%Mn, 0.02%Cr, 0.02%Nb, 0.03%Al) and an API 6A flange and microstructural analyses and mechanical tests were undertaken to investigate the se…

An investigation is presented into the joint efficiency and tensile properties of welded joints in various structural aluminium alloys prepared by friction stir welding (FSW), looking at the effects of compositional differences in the parent metals …

A friction stir welding (FSW) process based on the use of a self-reacting pin tool (SRPT) was developed for the joining of solid and hollow extrusions for aluminium railway car body structures; the mechanical properties of welded joints were investi…

A description is presented of the friction stir welding (FSW) machine developed for fabrication of the external fuel tanks for the Space Shuttle. The cylindrical part of the tanks was composed of curved panels welded into barrels with welds of const…

Bobbin-tool friction stir welding (BT-FSW) is a variant process of conventional friction stir welding with a particular tool configuration composed of an additional lower shoulder, enabling additional heat input and complete penetration of the pin. …

An experimental investigation was made of the effect of welding tool shape on welding defects and material flow during friction stir welding (FSW) of dissimilar materials. Friction stir welding tools used had tool shoulders of tool steel and the pro…

With regard to the development of the stationary shoulder friction stir welding (FSW) technique as a long term loading joining process offering enhanced weld seam mechanical properties, an investigation is presented into coordinated material flow be…

Friction stir welding was employed to fabricate dissimilar joints between 5A06-H112 aluminium alloy (Al, 5.8-6.8%Mg, 0.5-0.8%Mn) and 304L stainless steel (0.03%C, 18-20%Cr, 8-11%Ni) and material flow behaviour was investigated by microstructure obse…

Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) was employed to fabricate lap joints in hot extruded AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets (thickness 2 mm), and the effect of introducing nanostructured SiC particles (mean size 40 nm) on the microstructure and mechanical pr…

The stationary shoulder friction stir welding (SSFSW) process was employed to fabricate defect-free joints in a variety of aluminium alloys and experiments were undertaken to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints. Th…

Some numerical and experimental results are presented to illustrate the ability of the SignaStir laser ultrasonic testing system to monitor the occurrence of voids, cavities and lack of root penetration defects during friction stir welding (FSW). A …

Curved overlap joints of a 7B04 aluminium alloy were fabricated using the "RoboStir" robotic friction stir welding system and their microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The experimental set-up incorporated an ABB IRB7600 robot…

An investigation is presented into the fatigue properties of welded joints in various structural aluminium alloys prepared by friction stir welding (FSW) and the results are compared with those measured on MIG welded joints. The experimental specime…

Similar and dissimilar T-joints were made by friction stir welding (FSW) of 3 mm thickness 2024-T3 cover sheet combined with 2.5 mm thick stiffeners consisting of either 2024-T3 or 2098-T8 (stringer) material. During welding the pin penetrated the s…

The ScanStir framework, comprising an experimental friction stir welding (FSW) set-up, numerical models based on open source finite element method software packages, and a high performance computer, was used to simulate the residual stress profile i…

A simplified finite element modelling approach was employed to analyse the effect of localised dynamic cooling on residual stress development during friction stir welding (FSW), and the model predictions were compared with x-ray synchrotron and neut…

An investigation incorporating experimental measurements and thermomechanical simulations was undertaken to examine the effects of underwater friction stir welding (FSW) on an AISI 321 stainless steel sheet (thickness 3 mm) and to analyse the mechan…