TWI Digital Library

Friction stir welding (FSW) was employed to join ultra fine grained C-Mn steel (0.14%C, 0.2%Si, 1.84%Mn) sheets of 5 mm thickness using a polycrystalline cubic boron nitride tool, and the metallurgical and mechanical properties of the joint were eva…

A description is presented of the development of an aircraft adapter pallet system for the rapid deployment of supplies and equipment for use by the US Army. The pallets consisted of seven lightweight AA-6005A aluminium alloy (Al, 0.4-0.7%Mg, 0.5-0.…

High alloy tool steel H13, silicon nitride(Si3N4) and tungsten carbide (WC) bonded with 10%Co cylindrical pin tools (12.5 mm diameter) were evaluated for the friction stir welding of aluminium alloy 6061 containing 20 wt% alumina by determining an e…

The joint strength of friction stir welded extruded and T6 tempered sections of 6000 series aluminium alloys (JIS 6N01, 6061, 60663 and 6082), thickness 12-20 mm, was investigated. Friction stir welding (FSW) parameters are given for one-pass and tw…

To overcome the limitations associated with conventional friction stir welding, particularly for complex shaped large structures, the bobbin tool technique was developed and demonstrated on various aluminium alloys (4-15 mm thickness range), the tec…

Weld production tests were conducted using friction stir welding (FSW) and MIG processes for the production of aluminium panels. Production times were measured using a 2 m long double-skinned EN AW 6005 A-profile joint as the basic unit. Welding spe…

The thermal stability of the microstructure in the plastically deformed region of aluminium alloy friction stir welds was investigated. Alloys 6082-T6 (Al, 0.62-0.70%Mg, 0.95-1.05%Si, 0.50-0.57%Mn, 0.15-0.23%Fe) and 7108-T79 (Al, 5.20-5.70%Zn, 0.70-…

The detection principles of 3D forces during bobbin tool friction stir welding (BT-FSW) were considered and the filtered data of axial force, tool torque and horizontal force were analysed to develop models to describe the relationships between torq…

A Taguchi design of experiments approach was employed to investigate the effect of varying process parameters (rotational speed, welding time and plunge depth) on process data for refill friction stir spot welding of AA 6082-T6 aluminium alloys. The…

A hybrid friction stir welding (FSW) technique, comprising FSW and a YAG laser (power 2 kW) for preheating ahead of the tool, was developed to decrease tool load and defects. An SS 400 ferrite-pearlite carbon steel (0.16%C, 0.01%Si, 0.49%Mn) was wel…

Friction stir processing (FSP) experiments were undertaken on annealed AISI 420 stainless steel plates (thickness 6 mm) in order to compare three methods for assessing tool wear. The investigations incorporated two tool compositions (WC-Co or polycr…

Friction stir welding (FSW) was employed to weld Mo and Ti sheets (thickness 1.5 and 2 mm, respectively), the effects of process conditions on weldability as well as mechanical properties and microstructure of joints was investigated, and the import…

Friction stir welding (FSW) experiments were performed to join two dissimilar aluminium alloys, AA-7075 (Al, 5.58%Zn, 2.48%Mg, 1.38%Cu) and AA-2024 (Al, 4.5%Cu, 1.36%Mg), in a butt configuration, and the microstructural and hardness characteristics …

The viscoplastic behaviour of two aluminium alloys (non heat-treatable AA5083-H111 and heat-treatable AA6082-T6) was analysed by performing tensile tests at different temperatures and strain rates and the friction stir weldability of the materials i…

Friction stir processing (FSP) was employed to fabricate oxide dispersion strengthened copper-based composite plates with a graded microstructure and evolving mechanical, thermal, electrical and wear properties along their thickness. Specimens compr…

The effects of rotation speed, welding speed and Z-axis force on process response variables (power, specific energy, torque, X-axis force) and properties (nugget hardness, strength and ductility, nugget grain size and HAZ hardness) of AA2524-T351 fr…

Forces experienced by the pin and the workpiece during friction stir welding were measured and used to design a friction stir welding machine which would accept a curved workpiece fed through the machine by hand. Forces in three perpendicular direct…

Friction stir welding (FSW) was carried out on A-6N01-T5 aluminium alloy of thickness 15 mm in various restraint conditions, and the amount of deformation before and after welding was investigated. Vertical distortion and lateral shrinkage of the we…

Friction stir welding of aluminium alloy JIS-6N01-T5 (Al, 0.4-0.8%Mg, 0.4-0.9%Si) was investigated for subway [underground railway] rolling stock applications by comparing the welded joint properties with those of MIG and laser welded joints. Sheet …

High-strength aluminum alloys of the AA7xxx-series are increasingly used in demanding environments owing to their excellent strength-to-weight-ratio. The strengthening mechanism of these alloys is dependent on the precipitation of hardening particle…