TWI Digital Library

The modification of a thermally sprayed cemented layer of WC-CrC-Ni (WC-20%CrC-7%Ni) and WC-Co (WC-12%Co) using friction stir processing (FSP) was investigated. Layers of WC-CrC-Ni and WC-Co were sprayed onto SKD61 substrate (17 mm thickness) by HVO…

Developments in non-destructive techniques for detecting small defects in friction stir welds in thin aluminium plates in aerospace applications are considered. The principles of ultrasonic phased-array technology and eddy current array technology a…

An investigation is presented into the effects of process parameters (welding and rotational speeds) during friction stir welding (FSW) on the hardness and tensile properties of welded joints fabricated in butt configuration sheet specimens (thickne…

Friction stir processing (FSP) experiments were undertaken on three Ni-based alloys (Alloy 625 (Ni, 21.6%Cr, 8.6%Mo, 3.7%Fe), Alloy 718 (Ni, 23.7%Fe, 18.1%Cr, 3.1%Mo, 1%Ti) and Hastelloy X (Ni, 21.3%Cr, 19.2%Fe, 8.3%Mo)) using a W-Re tool, process p…

An investigation is presented into the metallurgical features of welded joints in various structural aluminium alloys prepared by friction stir welding (FSW) and into the microstructure and hardness distribution of the weld zone. The experimental sp…

The application of friction stir welding to the construction of airframe structures of precipitation-hardened aluminium alloys, using butt, lap and T-joints, is described. A landing gear strut door was manufactured by welding an Alclad 7075-T6 skin …

A fully integrated approach to facilitate optimisation of the friction stir welding (FSW) process was developed, incorporating a model for the FSW process, coupling material flow and thermal analysis, a model for precipitation evolution, a microstru…

The results of two testing programmes dealing with the metallurgical and mechanical properties of friction stir weldments (thickness 6 and 25 mm) in the aluminium alloys 2024, 5083, 6082/6060 and 7075 are reported, and a systematic study of the key …

A slide presentation outlining the development of a low cost transportable friction stir welding machine for use in stiffened panel production in shipyards. The development of the use of fixed geometry bobbin tools and of specifically designed equip…

An investigation is presented into the influence of tool flats, tool runout magnitude and relative tool runout orientation on the high speed forces acting transversely and longitudinally on the friction stir welding tool. Partial penetration bead-on…

Based on a dynamical control-low stress no distortion (DC-LSND) methodology, an array jet impingement heat sink apparatus was designed to facilitate reductions of residual stress and distortion in friction stir welding (FSW), and test results were o…

Dissimilar joints between aluminium alloy AA 7075 (Al, 5.58%Zn, 2.48%Mg, 1.38%Cu) and Al, 0.5%Cu alloy were fabricated by friction stir welding (FSW) under optimised process conditions in a hybrid lap-butt weld configuration, and the microstructure …

In relation to the European funded research project HILDA (high integrity low distortion assembly) to encourage the industrial take up of friction stir welding (FSW) for structural steels, an investigation was undertaken into the microstructure and …

Thermomechanical modelling of the friction stir butt welding process in AA 5083-H18 aluminium alloys was undertaken using a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) code to describe the steady state, and simulated temperature profiles were compared with t…

The Taguchi method was employed to determine optimum process parameters for friction stir welding of dissimilar joints between AA 6061 (Al, 0.84%Mg, 0.54%Si, 0.4%Fe, 0.24%Cu) and AA 7075 (Al, 5.58%Zn, 2.28%Mg, 1.6%Cu) aluminium alloys. Welding was p…

A pinless tool with involute grooves on its shoulder surface was designed to facilitate friction stir spot welding (FSSW) of 2024-T3 aluminium alloy (Al, 3.8-4.9%Cu, 1.2-1.8%Mg, 0.3-0.9%Mn) sheets (thickness 1.5 mm) and the influence of process para…

An integrated multi-physics model was employed to predict the temperature distribution, the post-weld grain size distribution and the local subgrain size distribution around the pin during friction stir welding (FSW) of 6061 aluminium alloys. The mu…

Models were developed for the temperature distribution and material flow during friction stir welding. Both friction and material shearing were presumed to generate heat, and finite element analysis was used to determine the temperature distribution…

The friction stir welding of chromium steel (12%Cr) and of the dissimilar combination of chromium steel with low carbon steel were investigated, and the process economics compared with those of MMA, MIG and submerged arc welding. Welds were made in …

In relation to the application of friction stir welding (FSW) to the production of metallic aircraft fuselages, a report is presented into the evolution of the MUVAX (multi use vacuum assisted exoskeleton) concept within the framework of the LuFo V-…