TWI Digital Library

An investigation was undertaken into the efficiency and cost effectiveness of two process chains for the production of an AW-70xx aluminium alloy telescopic beam for a crane boom (length 8 m, sheet thickness 4 mm), and a comparison between friction …

Various dissimilar butt joints were fabricated between 2017A-T451 (Al, 4.14%Cu, 0.72%Mg), 6082-T6 (Al, 1.03%Mg, 0.92%Si) and AlSi9Mg (Al, 8.6%Si, 0.31%Mg) aluminium alloys by friction stir welding using a high pin tool rotational speed (1400 or 1800…

An investigation was undertaken to examine the use of an industrial serial robot incorporating dual loop force/position control to reduce the investment cost and increase process flexibility in friction stir welding (FSW) by compensating the lateral…

A pinless tool with involute grooves on its shoulder surface was designed to facilitate friction stir spot welding (FSSW) of 2024-T3 aluminium alloy (Al, 3.8-4.9%Cu, 1.2-1.8%Mg, 0.3-0.9%Mn) sheets (thickness 1.5 mm) and the influence of process para…

The tool workpiece thermocouple (TWT) temperature measurement method was applied for optimisation of the initial welding phases (plunge and dwell) in conventional FSW (friction stir welding) and FSSW (friction stir spot welding), and an analysis of …

To gain further understanding of the mechanism for abnormal grain growth occurring in the stir zone of friction stir welded (FSW) aluminium alloys during post weld heat treatment (PWHT), details of the grain growth phenomena were examined in commerc…

The principles of spot friction welding (SFW) and the differences between SFW and linear friction stir welding (FSW) are outlined. Displacement control and load control of SFW machines are described. Experiments were conducted using a displacement-c…

An experimental canister welding machine was developed in order to evaluate FSW as a method of welding the copper canisters used in the long term storage of nuclear waste. Preliminary trials involved the development of a machine with sufficient stif…

Friction stir welds in austenitic stainless steels 316L (0.019%C, 0.87%Mn, 17.70%Cr, 12.19%Ni, 2.19%Mo) and 304 (0.040%C, 1.08%Mn, 18.10%Cr, 8.56%Ni); duplex stainless steel 329J4L (0.016%C, 0.78%Mn, 24.81%Cr, 7.27%Ni, 3.13%Mo, 0.43%Cu, 0.41%W); and…

A discussion is presented on developments in polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tool design for use in the friction stir welding of high temperature materials such as steels. Improvements in tool material grades, tool design and FSW equipmen…

The deformation microstructures formed during friction stir welding (FSW) of 7075-T6 aluminium alloy (Al, 5.76%Zn, 2.46%Mg, 1.32%Cu) were studied using SEM with electron back-scattered diffraction. The sheet thickness was 1.5 mm. The alloy was evalu…

Models were developed for the temperature distribution and material flow during friction stir welding. Both friction and material shearing were presumed to generate heat, and finite element analysis was used to determine the temperature distribution…

The friction stir welding of chromium steel (12%Cr) and of the dissimilar combination of chromium steel with low carbon steel were investigated, and the process economics compared with those of MMA, MIG and submerged arc welding. Welds were made in …

Additive friction surfacing (AFS) is a variant of friction surfacing (FS) where multiple layers of feedstock material can be deposited to generate a near-net shape part. AFS has the potential to yield significantly higher deposition rates than tradi…

Friction stir welding (FSW) is broadly recognized as an efficient solid-state welding technology to join light metal alloys and is worth considering expanding its technological benefits for joining materials with different chemical compositions and …